Journal of veterinary science - Lupine Publishers

New Tool Explains Live Mycobacteria Found in Retail Milk by Berwyn Clarke in CDVS in Lupine Publishers

Most consumers of dairy products accept that pasteurization provides a guarantee that products are safe to eat and drink. However, research [1] using a new highly sensitive technology has revealed that live mycobacteria can exist in retail milk even after pasteurization and explains how this may happen. Live Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) - which causes Johne’s disease in cattle and has been implicated in Crohn’s disease in humans - was found in just over 10% of shop-bought pasteurized milk samples that were tested in the UK. The prevalence of MAP is higher than previous studies have shown due to the high sensitivity of the new phage-based technology that was used to conduct the milk testing. In the study of 386 samples of retail-purchased milk, Actiphage was able to detect live mycobacteria at levels as low as 1-2 cells per 50ml in comparison to other tests that cannot detect cell-counts lower than 100 cells. There is a growing body of research that implicates MAP in the development of Crohn’s disease [2], with MAP found in the bowel tissue of a proportion of patients with the condition. Although no causal relationship between MAP and Crohn’s has been directly established the dairy industry recognizes that limiting human exposure to MAP would be sensible on a precautionary principle [3]. Furthermore, there are clinical trials underway with anti-mycobacterial drugs that are directly assessing the benefit in Crohn’s disease. Some retailers are already removing dairy farmers from their milk pool if they are not engaged with Johne’s control plans. 

The Actiphage assay, developed by PBD Biotech, uses a virus (phage) that finds, infects and replicates in viable mycobacteria cells. Within hours the virus breaks open the mycobacteria cells, releasing DNA determining whether live organisms were present in the sample. Previous quality control procedures to monitor the levels of MAP in pasteurized milk have been difficult as these mycobacteria are extremely slow growing. Culturing these bacteria takes up to 18 weeks to determine if any MAP cells have survived a food safety or control process and the sensitivity of the procedure is low. The new phage-based detection method, which was used within the research published in the Elsevier journal of Food Microbiology (September 2018) [1], allowed experiments to be performed quickly (6-8 hours); providing the insight dairy producers and processors need to further improve control measures. The test’s underlying biotechnology was originally used for the detection of human TB-under the FastPlaque brand - but was only suitable for use on sputum. Now the highly specific phage-based diagnostic has been optimized, so it can detect the presence of mycobacteria in blood or milk in just six hours. Contrary to previous hypotheses, this research also suggests that MAP does not enter the milk solely due to faecal contamination, but via somatic cells within the udder. This intracellular location and the fact that these cells appear to clump may help explain how the mycobacteria are protected against heat inactivation during pasteurization and could lead to new processing methods to ensure the mycobacteria are inactivated. Earlier published work in 2016 [4] using the same technology also demonstrated the presence of live MAP in infant formula milk further increasing the value of this technology as a screening tool.

https://lupinepublishers.com/dairy-veterinary-science-journal/fulltext/new-tool-explains-live-mycobacteria-found-in-retail-milk.ID.000141.php

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Lupine publishers publication ethics

Lupine publishers publication ethics

1. Lupine Publishers Publication Ethics Publication Ethics: All the Journals in Lupine Publishers adheres to the highest possible ethical standards, for example, by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). If an ethical problem related to a submitted or published article is referred to the Editorial Board member, then he will evaluate the problem as outlined by appropriate bodies such as the ICMJE and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and take appropriate steps. The following are problems in the ethics of publication that every author should be familiar with. Violations of any of the following ethical principles may incur sanctions described below. Plagiarism All journals published by Lupine Publishers are committed to publishing only original material, i.e., material that has neither been published nor is under review elsewhere. Lupine Publisher’s journals as a participant of plagiarism pro software tool, to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. Manuscripts that are found to have been plagiarized from a manuscript by other author(s), whether published or unpublished, will incur plagiarism sanctions. Duplicate Submission Manuscripts that are found to have been published elsewhere, or to be under review elsewhere, will incur duplicate submission/publication sanctions. If author(s) have used their own previously published work, or work that is currently under review, as the basis for a submitted manuscript, they are required to cite the previous work and indicate how their submitted manuscript offers novel contributions beyond those of the previous work. Citation Manipulation Submitted manuscripts that are found to include citations whose primary purpose is to increase the number of citations to a given author’s work, or to articles published in a particular journal, will incur citation manipulation sanctions.
2. Data Fabrication and Falsification Submitted manuscripts that are found to have either fabricated or falsified experimental results, including the manipulation of images, will incur data fabrication and falsification sanctions. Redundant Publications Redundant publications involve the inappropriate division of study outcomes into several articles. Publisher Responsibilities:  The publisher is committed to follow and comply with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations.  The publisher does not influence the editors' decisions and pledges the review process probity.  The publisher is committed to respond to research misconduct complaints promptly, received atsupport@lupinepublishers.com. Use of Human and Animal Subjects: In any studies, involving human subjects must include a statement that their relevant institutional committee has approved the described work. In the case of experiments involving animals, the author(s) should provide a statement assuring that the described experiments have been approved by the relevant institutional committee. The following is a summary of our expectations from editors, reviewers, and author(s) to follow the publication ethics standards and the procedures of handling the unethical behaviors. 

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Journal of veterinary science- Lupine Publishers

Association between the Presence of Intrauterine Escherichia coli Virulence Genes and Subsequent Reproductive Tract Disease in Postpartum Dairy Cows by Jocelyn Dubuc in CDVS in Lupine Publishers

An association between postpartum intrauterine Escherichia coli and subsequent reproductive tract diseases such as purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and endometritis (ENDO) has been found inconsistently in previous research. This inconsistency may be due to differences in the pathogenicity and presence of certain virulence factors in the various strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of intrauterine E. coli virulence factor (VF) genes after parturition and subsequent reproductive tract diseases in postpartum dairy cows. Intrauterine swabs were collected from cows 4 (± 3) DIM. The swabs were plated to identify E. coli, Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Prevotella melaninogenica. A subgroup of the E. coli samples was submitted for colony hybridization for identification of 40 VF genes. Purulent vaginal discharge and ENDO were diagnosed at 35 (±7) DIM using the Metricheck device (purulent discharge or worse) and the cytobrush technique adapted for use in cattle (≥ 6% polymorphonuclear leukocytes), respectively. Cows diagnosed with PVD, ENDO, or both conditions were classified as positive for reproductive tract disease. Logistic regression models were built using the reproductive tract disease status as the outcome, and the bacteria and VF gene presence as the exposure. Of the 465 cows enrolled, 52% of the uterine samples were positive for E. coli, 34% were positive for T. pyogenes, 3% were positive for F. necrophorum, and 1% were positive for P. melaninogenica. A total of 152 E. coli samples were examined for VF gene identification. Reproductive tract disease was diagnosed in 237 cows (51%). The presence of intrauterine E. coli and T. pyogenes was associated with greater odds of reproductive tract disease. Cows with E. coli positive for VF genes fepC, maIX, hlyE, sitA, irp1, irp2, fyuA, or iss had greater odds of having subsequent reproductive tract disease compared to cows without E. coli. These VF genes code for iron acquisition, the maltose and glucose PTS system, hemolysin E toxin, and increased serum survival. Three of the siderophore genes (irp1, irp2, and fyuA) are part of the core of a high-pathogenicity islands, previously described in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) The results of this study suggest that certain VFs are likely to contribute to the pathogenicity of E. coli strains as they are associated with subsequent reproductive tract disease.

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Lupine Publishers- Opinion Stage

Lupine Publishers
Lupine Publishers  is a world’s leading Online Publishing repository, a genuine publisher with quality medical journals. Lupine Publishers  peer reviewed publisher is a multidisciplinary, scholarly Open Access publisher focused on Genetic, Biomedical and Remedial missions in relation with Technical Knowledge as well. Lupine Publishers  Online Open Access Publisher, craves to select ground-breaking research based on modernism, aptness, scientific connotation, prospective spectator’s interests, etc. Lupine Publishers Online Open Access Publisher endeavor to provide by far and liberally accessible belvedere to researchers and practitioners in support of their novel and valuable ideas. Lupine Publishers  Online Open Access Publisher already have 2000+ Editorial Board members along with 5000+ Published articles with them. Lupine Publishers Online Open Access journals maintains a scrupulous, methodical, fair peer review System. Besides, quality control is riveted in each step of the publication process.

Lupine Publishers, strictly follows open access policy: Open access policies are part of rapidly growing researches in academia to enhance and encourage the new modes and techniques of scholarly publication by providing worldwide free access. Members of universities, schools and departments are establishing open access policies to make their research and scholarship more accessible to scholars, educators, policymakers, students and citizens worldwide.

The only motto of Lupine Publishers  Open access Publisher is accelerating the scientific and technical research papers, considering the importance of technology and the human health in the advanced levels and several emergency medical and clinical issues associated with it, the key attention is given towards biomedical research. Thus, Lupine Publishers  asserting the requirement of a common evoked and enriched information sharing platform for the craving readers.

Lupine Publishers is such a unique platform to accumulate and publicize scientific knowledge on science and related discipline. Lupine Publishers  multidisciplinary open access publisher (www.lupinepublishers.com)  is rendering a global podium for the professors, academicians, researchers and students of the relevant disciplines to share their scientific excellence in the form of an original research article, review article, case reports, short communication, e-books, video articles, etc.

Lupine Publishers has quality journals which are self supporting, with no dependency on any other external sources (like universities, centers) for funds and strives for the best and enhanced quality publications competes the world wide open access publishing market.

Lupine Publishers  always rely on the support from the members of the Lupine Publishers  family that is relevantly their Authors, Editorial Committee members, advisory board, Reviewers Board and all the technical support teams all over the globe. Lupine Publishers  trust in the reciprocated coordination and cooperation in terms of sharing the scientific knowledge of individuals and Groups of Research centers/areas will in turn educates and provokes in advanced researches. In this case Lupine Publishers like to act as a media that anchors in the transformation of information in the form of global online publication.

Lupine Publishers likes to bring world latest concept of open access video articles of research work at ease and cost-efficient manner. Lupine Publishers  aim to develop the integrated illustration approach to educational researchers and practitioners to encourage innovations and new research frontiers in scientific field. Lupine Publishers provides advance platform for researchers for making their research work live and exemplify investigational visualization to the world. Lupine Publishers also helps researchers to demonstrate their work by video to all young researchers, as this helps authors to get rapid acquaintance among their research community within short span of time. Lupine Publishers invite video research articles in all diverse fields of Medical, Life Science, Health Care, Pharma, and other groups for publication in their Journals.

Lupine Publishers also accepts E-books that are written by scholars and influences the learning practice around the world. Lupine Publishers,  believes that E-books offer many potential benefits, to access when and where you want to read. Lupine Publishers  a great way to demonstrate knowledge in a creative way and is much more visually appealing than a white paper. The e-book has become the current standard form to have the research work available to the users. Lupine Publishers  offers high quality of PDF formats for their scholars to have their work available to the world.

Lupine Publishers , lightening fast lookup of the required information can now find through e-books as, it’s the hand library available of the users upon one button. Lupine Publishers  delivers high quality of e-prints that can be displayed in any electronic device. E-Books are the ones where every individual can afford, as they are freely available with Lupine Publishers. In Lupine Publishers, e-Books are embedded with a variety of multi-media elements which are not available with traditional books. Also, audio and video can be implanted to make reading comfortable while accessing the published articles.

 Lupine Publishers provides article reprints with an aim to broadcast the research work in affordable and quality paper. Lupine Publishers,  indeed providing reprints is to explore the research work to the world in the format the user need.

Lupine Publishers  reprints in two ways: Hard Copy: Lupine Publishers, provide reprints with high quality & specially designed covers along with the journal name & logo on every page. Also, Lupine Publishers  provide customization option for cover Image. Or reprints will the mirror image of your articles.

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Lupine Publishers: List Of Open Access Journals in Lupine Publishers

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